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Important Tables

Soil Science - Important Tables

Elements	Mobility in Plants
N, P & K	Highly mobile
Zinc	Moderately mobile
S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo & Cl	Less mobile
Ca & B	Immobile

Essentiality of Nutrients - Scientist

Element	Essentiality established by scientist
Nitrogen	Theodore de Saussure in 1804
P,K,Ca,Mg	C. Sprengel in 1839
Boron	K. Warington in 1923
Sulphur	Sachs Knop in 1857
Iron	Gris in 844
Manganese	Mc Hargue in 1922
Molybdenum	Arnon & Stout in 1939
Zinc	Sommer and Lipman in 1926
Copper	Sommer, Lipman, Mc Kinney in 1931
Sodium	Brownell and Wod
Cobalt	Ahmad and Evans
Silicon	Lewin
Chlorine	Broyer, Carlton, Johnson and Stout

Nitrification inhibitors

N-Serve or nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine
DCD (dicyandiamide)
AM (2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl pyrimidine)
CMP (1-carbamoyle-3-methylpyrazole)
Terrazole (Etridiazole)
CP (2-cyanimino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl pyrimidine)
AT/ATc (4 Aminotriazole)
ST (Sulphatiazole or sodium thiosulphate)
ATS (Ammonium thiosulphate)
ZPTA (Thiosulphoryl triamide)
Neem extractives (containing epinimbin, deacetylnimbin, Azadirachtin)

Type of terraces for different soil and rainfall conditions
Type	Suitability
Level and table top	Area receiving medium rainfall (750 mm) of even distribution with highly permeable deep soils
Sloping outwards	Low rainfall (< 750 mm) area with permeable soil of medium depth
Sloping inwards	Heavy rainfall areas (> 750 mm) with soil of poor infiltration rate

Important elements & their deficiency symptoms
Elements	Deficiency symptoms
Nitrogen	Stunted growth Chlorosis that appears first in older leaves
Phosphorus	Poor growth especially of roots Leaves appear dull green. Often leads to premature leaf fall.
Potassium	Stunted growth Yellow and shriveled leaf margins. mottled appearance of older leaves and premature death
Calcium	Chlorosis of young leaves Die back of shoot due to death of apical buds Poor root growth. leaf tips become hooked Black heart of celery
Magnesium	Interveinal chlorosis of older leaves. In severe cases leads to necrosis
Sulphur	Chlorosis like nitrogen deficient in plants but first in young leaves Tea yellow Extensive root system
Iron	Interveinal chlorosis, particularly in young leaves
Manganese	Leaf flecking or grey spots due to cholorosis and necrosis in interveinal zones Grey speck of oats , marsh spot disease of pea
Molybdenum	Mottling and necrosis first in older leaves and than in younger leaves Abscission of flowers, whip tail of cauliflower
Boron	Death of stem and root apices Thickened leaves that curl and become brittle Reduce flower production Heart rot of beets, stem crack of celery, brown heart of turnip etc.
Copper	Reduced absorption of CO₂ Dieback of shoots Necrosis at the tip of young leaves and then the margin Exanthema in citrus
Zinc	Little leaves and mottle leaf condition Reduction in internode length Rosette type growth Whip tip of maize, khaira disease of rice, sickle leaf of cocoa
Chlorine	Bronze colour in leaves. chlorosis necrosis. Swollen root tips Flower abscission

Indicator plants for Nutrient Deficiency

Deficient Nutrient	Indicator Plants
Nitrogen	Cauliflower, Cabbage
Phosphorus	Rapeseed
Potash	Potato
Calcium	Cauliflower, Cabbage
Magnesium	Potato
Iron	Sugarbeet
Manganese	Sugarbeet, Oat, Potato
Boron	Sugarbeet

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