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Plant Pathology - Important Points & Tables

Father in the field of Plant Pathology

Contributors

Field

Anton De Barry

Father of Plant Pathology

Father of Experimental Plant Pathology

Father of Modern Mycology

E J Butler

Father of Indian Pathology

Robert Heartig

Father of Forest Pathology

H M Ward 

Father of  Tropical Plant Pathology

Mathieu Tillet

Great Grand Father of Phytopathology

J E Vander Plank

Father of Epidemiology

Louis Pasture

Father of Microbiology

Father of Modern Bacteriology

P A Micheli

Father of Mycology

Elias Magnus Fries

Father of Systematic Mycology

L R Tulasne

Father of Reconstructor of  Mycology

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Father of Bacteriology

Robert Koch

Father of Bacteriological Techniques

Robert Hooke

The father of cell theory. 

E F Smith

Father of Phyto Bacteriology

M K Patel

Father of Indian Bacteriology

M W Beijerinck

Father of Virology

Father of Microbial Ecology

K C Metha

Father of Indian Rust

N A Cobb

Father of  Plant Nematology

Scientist & their important contributions in plant pathology

Scientist

Important Contribution

Anton De Barry
  • Late blight of potato causal organism renamed as Phytophthora infestans
  • Discovered Heteroecious nature of rust fungi (1865)
  • Book - “Morphology and Physiology of fungi, lichens and Myxomycetes” (1866)
  • Coined the term “Symbiosis”

E J Butler
  • First director of Imperial Mycological Institute, England (1920-35)
  • Green ear disease of barley was first reported
  • Monograpgh: Pythiaceous and allied fungi
  • Book: Fingi and Disease in Plants (1918), Fungi in India

Robert Heartig
  • Initiated the understanding the wood decaying fungi

H M Ward
  • Role of environment in the epidemiology of coffee rust
  • Recognized necrotic active defense in Bromus, later known as hypersensitive response

Mathieu Tillet
  • Demonstrated that Bunt of wheat was contagious and spores contained poisonous substance

J E Vander Plank
  • Gave a concept of horizontal and vertical resistance in plants

Louis Pasture
  • Demonstrated that role of bacteria in fermentation and decay 
  • Gave “Germ theory”

P A Micheli
  • First time observed the Fungal spores
  • Published book - “Nova Plantarum Genera” 

Elias Magnus Fries
  • Wrote “Systema Mycologium”
  • The rust and smut fungi as products of diseased plants

L R Tulasne
  • First drawn illustrated drawing of rust, smut and ascomycetes

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
  • Invented simple  compound  microscope
  • First time seen the bacteria and Protozoa under Microscope and described as “Little animalcules”.

Robert Koch
  • Gelatin plate technique was discovered
  • He described the theory called “Koch’s postulates”.
  • Pour plate technique used to study the microbes was devised

Robert Hooke
  • He reported that plant tissues are made up minute units called as cells.

E F Smith
  • Gave final proof that the bacteria could cause plant disease
  • Demonstrated first time on Budding or Grafting could be method of plant viruses transmission 
  • Worked on bacterial wilt of cucurbits and crown gall disease

M K Patel
  • Advocated the family Phytobacteriaceae to include  all plant pathogenic bacteria 

M W Beijerinck
  • Isolated root nodule bacteria in pure culture from nodules in legumes and named as Bacillus radicola
  • First director of the Delft School of Microbiology (Netherland)

K C Metha
  • Studied epidemiology of cereal rusts in India
  • Monograph:  “Further studies on cereal rust in India” 

N A Cobb
  • Coined the word “Nema”

Sexual spores: Ascospores, Basidiospores, Oospores or Zygospores

Asexual spores: Zoospores, Sporangiospores, Conidia or Blastospores

Historical plant disease & their causal organism

Disease & Location

Causal organisms

Late blight of potato (Great Potato Famine, Great Irish Famine, or Famine) @ Ireland (1845)

Phytophthora infestans

Coffee leaf rust @ Sri lanka (1870)

Hemileia vastatrix

Downy mildews of grape @ France (1878)

Plasmopara viticola

Chestnut blight @ America (1904)

Cryphonectria parasitica

Wheat rust @ USA and Canada (1916)

Puccinia trirtic 

Bunchy top of Banana @ Australia (1921)

MLO

Sigatoka disease of banana @ America (1930)

Mycosphaerella musicola

Red rot of sugarcane @ Uttar Pradesh, India (1936)

Colletotrichum falcatum

Brown spot of rice (Bengal famine) @ West Bengal, India (1943)

Helminthosporium oryzae

Bacterial blight of rice @ Maharashtra, India (1951)

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 

Apple scab @ Jammu and Kashmir, India (1984)

Venturia inaequalis

Rice tungro disease @ Punjab, India (1999)

Rice tungro bacilliform and spherical virus

Important soil borne diseases, their pathogens and host(s)

Diseases 

Pathogens

Host (s)

Root roots

Phytophthora spp.

Tobacco, Soybean, Ornamentals

Damping off

Pythium spp.

Vegetables, Many other crops

Root and stem rot 

Fusarium spp.

Many crops 

Southern blight

Sclerotium rolfsii

Vegetables, Peanut, Soybean

Root rots, leaf blight & damping off

Rhizoctonia solani

Tomato, Beans, Cereal Grains etc.

Black rot 

Cylindrocladium crotalariae

Peanut , Soybean, other legumes

Crown and stem rots,  watery soft rot

Sclerotinia spp.

Vegetables crops, Soybean,   legumes                         

Important seed borne diseases, their pathogens and host(s)

Diseases

Pathogens

Host (s)

Covered smut

Ustilago hordei

Barley

Loose smut

Ustilago tritici

Wheat

Seedling rot

Cephalosporium acremonium

Maize

Blight

Ascochyta rabie

Gram

Potato wart

Synchytrium endobioticum

Potato

Sugarcane red rot

Colletotrichum falcatum

Sugarcane

Angular leaf spot

Xanthomonas malvacearum

Cotton

Green ear

Scelospora graminicola

Bajra

Important air borne diseases, their pathogens and host(s)

Diseases

Pathogens

Host (s)

Stem rust 

Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Wheat / Barley 

Leaf rust 

Puccinia recondita

Wheat 

Loose smut 

Ustilago tritici

Wheat / Barley

Late blight

Phytophthora infestans

Potato, Tomato

Leaf blight 

Helminthosporium maydis

Corn (maize)

Leaf spot 

Alternaria spp.

Many crops 

Downey mildew 

Plasmospora viticola

Grape 

Powdery mildew 

Erysiphe spp. 

Sphaerotheca spp.

Many plants 

Blast 

Pyricularia oryzae

Rice 

Anthracnose 

Colletotrichum spp.

Mango, many crops 

Scab 

Venturia ineaqualis

Apple 

Examples of abnormal growth caused by the certain plant pathogens in their hosts

Disease

Pathogens 

Host

Fungal Pathogens

Potato wart 

Synchytrium endobioticum

Potato 

Club root

Plasmodiphora  brassicae 

Crucifers plants 

Stem gall 

Protomyces macrosporus 

Coriander 

Witches broom 

Crinipellis perniciosa 

Cocoa

Leaf curl 

Taphrina deformans 

Peach 

Smut 

Ustilago maydis

Maize 

Green ear 

Sclerospora graminicola 

Bajra 

White rust 

Albugo candida 

Crucifers 

Bakane 

Fusarium moniliformae 

Rice 

Bacterial pathogens / Phytoplasma

Crown gall

Agrobacterium tumefaciens 

A. rhizogens

Pseudomonas

Various flowering plants 

 

Hairy root

Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi

Olive 

 

Knot disease 

Phytoplasma

Peanut 

 

Virus

 

Swollen shoot

Cocoa swollen shoot virus 

Cocao 

 

Leaf roll

Potato leaf roll virus 

Potato 

 

Rhizomania 

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus 

Sugarbeet 

 

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