1

Swan neck flask experiment conducted by Pasteur

2

Swan neck flask is also called as Pasteur flask or Goose neck flask   

3

Koch developed the Koch postulates which provided the guidelines to identify the causative agent of the disease

4

 In 1890, Joseph Lister insisted the importance of antisepsis in medical profession

5

John Needham observed the appearance of organisms not present at the start of the experiment and concluded that bacteria originated from the meat thus it supported the spontaneous generation theory  

6

Lazzaro Spallanzani boiled beef broth for an hour and then sealed the flasks no microbes appeared thus he disproved the spontaneous generation theory  

7

Francastro of Verona suggested that diseases might be due to invisible organisms transmitted from one to another 

8

Schleiden and Dusch passed the air through cotton in to flask containing heated broth growth did not appeared and thus disproved spontaneous generation theory 

9

Lectin (Glycoprotein) recogruition theory was proposed by Dazzo and Hubbel   

10

Diauxic groth curve was discovered by Moeod in Bacillus subtilis in the year 1945

11

Clostridium pasteurianum obligate anaerobe which is capable of fixing atomospheric nitrogen was first identified by Winogradsky   

12

Animalcules were first described by Antony Van Leeuwenhoek 

13

The word phyllosphere was given by Ruinen

14

The term mycorrhiza was coined by A. B. Frank 

15

Chemoautotrophic mode of nutrition was described by Winogradsky

16

The binomial system of nomenclature was developed by Linnaeus

17

Beijerinck isolated the root nodulating bacteria for the first time

18

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was discovered by Karl mullis

19

Father of plant virology Beijerinck    

20

Father of plant bacteriology E. F. smith

21

Bacteriophage was discovered by F. W. Twort and Fellix de Herelle 

22

The term viriod was coined by T. U. Diener 

23

Winogradsky discovered the several physiological distinct groups among the Autotrophic bacteria

24

Theory of evolution was given by Charles Darwin 

25

Buchner discovered the cell free alcoholic fermentation

26

The term Chromosome was given by Waldayer  

27

The term Pathogenesis was coined by Owen

28

The term Heterosis was coined by Shull in the year 1914

29

De Robertis and Franchi in the year 1953 discovered the Microtubles

30

DNA was first synthesized by A Kornberg in the year 1953

31

RNA was first synthesized by S. Ochoa in the year 1969

32

The term Protoplast was given by Purkinje

33

Berzelius suggested the term Protein

34

Buchner was the first person to discover the Enzymatic activity  

35

Funk introduced the term Vitamin 

36

Robert hook used the term cell 

37

Robert brown used the term nucleus 

38

Karl Ereky coined the term Biotechnology in the year 1919

39

Father of Genetic engineering is Paul Berg

40

Karl Mullis got the Nobel Prize in the year 1993 for the discovery of PCR technique 

41

Ruska, Luria and Anderson  were first observed the Bacteriophage 

42

Law of minimum was proposed by Liebig

43

Fraley was the first person to develop the transgenic plant in Tobacco

44

Father of modern plant pathology Anton de Barry

45

Law of heredity was given by G. J. Mendal

46

Father of genetics is  G. J. Mendal

47

Father of Nematology is Bastian 

48

Bacteria was first discovered by Anton von Leuwenhoek

49

Father of bacteriology is Anton von Leuwenhoek

50

Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by Sutton and Bovery